THE HISTORY OF ISRAEL

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Genesis 10:1

Lezi ziyizizukulwane zamadodana kaNowa: ngoShemi, noHamu, noJafete; bazalelwa amadodana emva kukazamcolo.





Yes, the name “Israel” in reference to the land and its people predates the time of Jesus Christ. The biblical narrative indicates that the Israelites, descendants of Jacob who was renamed Israel, settled in the land of Canaan after the Exodus from Egypt. Centuries later, during Jesus’ time, the region was known as Judea or Palestine, but the historical and religious identity of the area was deeply connected to the Israelites and their covenant with God in Canaan. 

Here’s a more detailed explanation:

  • Biblical Origins:The name “Israel” originates with Jacob, who was renamed Israel by God in the Book of Genesis. 
  • Settlement in Canaan:According to the Hebrew Bible, the Israelites, descendants of Jacob/Israel, conquered and settled in Canaan, which was then inhabited by the Canaanites. 
  • Kingdoms of Israel and Judah:Over time, the Israelites established a kingdom, which later split into two kingdoms: Israel in the north and Judah in the south. 
  • Canaan, Judea, and Palestine:While the land was known as Canaan during the early Israelite settlement, it later became known as Judea during the Roman period, which is the time of Jesus. 
  • The People of Israel:The term “Israel” continued to be used to refer to the Jewish people, their history, and their relationship with God, even after the land’s name changed. 
  • Modern State of Israel:The modern State of Israel, established in 1948, adopted the name “Israel” based on this historical and religious connection to the ancient Israelites and the land of Canaan. 

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In the biblical narrative, Noah cursed Canaan, Ham’s son, because of Ham’s disrespectful actions when Noah was drunk and uncovered in his tent. While Ham saw his father’s nakedness and told his brothers about it, the curse fell specifically on Canaan, his son. The exact nature of Ham’s sin is debated, with some interpretations suggesting it involved more than just seeing Noah’s nakedness. The curse on Canaan was a prophecy of the Canaanites’ future, destined to be servants to the descendants of Shem and Japheth. 

Here’s a more detailed breakdown:

  • Ham’s Disrespect:The biblical text indicates that Ham saw his father’s nakedness and then told his brothers, Shem and Japheth, instead of covering him, which was considered disrespectful. 
  • The Curse on Canaan:Noah, upon learning of Ham’s actions, cursed Canaan, Ham’s son, to be a servant to the descendants of Shem and Japheth. 
  • Prophetic Nature of the Curse:The curse is not simply a punishment for Ham’s sin, but a prophetic declaration of the Canaanites’ future subjugation to the Israelites. 
  • Debate on the Nature of Ham’s Sin:The exact nature of Ham’s sin is debated. Some interpretations suggest it involved more than just seeing his father’s nakedness, potentially including other disrespectful actions or even incest. 
  • Significance of Canaan:Canaan is singled out because he is seen as representing the future generations of the Canaanite people, known for their wickedness and eventual displacement by the Israelites. 

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In 1948, following the 1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine, the Israeli Declaration of Independence sparked the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, which resulted in the 1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight from the land that the State of Israel came to control and subsequently led to waves of Jewish immigration from other parts of the Middle East.

The latter half of the 20th century saw a series of further conflicts between Israel and its neighbouring Arab nations. In 1967, the Six-Day War erupted; in its aftermath, Israel captured and occupied the Golan Heights from Syria, the West Bank from Jordan, and the Gaza Strip and the Sinai Peninsula from Egypt. In 1973, the Yom Kippur War began with an attack by Egypt on the Israeli-occupied Sinai Peninsula.

In 1979 the Egypt–Israel peace treaty was signed, based on the Camp David Accords. In 1993, Israel signed the Oslo I Accord with the Palestine Liberation Organization, which was followed by the establishment of the Palestinian National Authority. In 1994, the Israel–Jordan peace treaty was signed. Despite efforts to finalize the peace agreement, the conflict continues to play a major role in Israeli and international political, social, and economic life.

With the British Mandate of Palestine scheduled to come to an end on 15 May 1948, the governing body of the Jewish community, the Jewish National Council (JNC), on 2 March 1948 began work on the organization of a Jewish provisional government.[1] On 12 April 1948 it formed the Minhelet HaAm (Hebrew: מנהלת העם, lit. People’s Administration), all of its members being drawn from Moetzet HaAm (People’s Council), the temporary legislative body set up at the same time.

On 14 May 1948—the day the last British forces left Haifa—the People’s Council gathered at the Tel Aviv Museum and proclaimed the establishment of a Jewish state in Eretz Israel to serve as the homeland for the Jewish people, to be known as the State of Israel.[2] The meeting was led by David Ben-Gurion, the Executive Head of the World Zionist Organization,[a][3] Chairman of the Jewish Agency for Palestine, and soon to be first Prime Minister of Israel.[4] The event is celebrated annually in Israel as Independence Day, a national holiday on 5 Iyar of every year according to the Hebrew calendar. After the Declaration, Minhelet HaAm became the Provisional government of Israel, whilst Moetzet HaAm became the Provisional State Council.

Paragraph 13 of the Declaration provides that the State of Israel would be based on freedom, justice and peace as envisaged by the prophets of Israel; it will ensure complete equality of social and political rights to all its inhabitants irrespective of religion, race or sex.[5] However, the Knesset maintains that the declaration is neither a law nor an ordinary legal document.[6] The Supreme Court has ruled that the guarantees were merely guiding principles, and that the declaration is not a constitutional law making a practical ruling on the upholding or nullification of various ordinances and statutes.[7]

Immediately following the declaration of the new state, both superpower leaders, US President Harry S. Truman and Soviet leader Joseph Stalin, recognized the new state.[8] The Arab League members Egypt, Transjordan, Syria, Lebanon and Iraq refused to accept the UN partition plan and proclaimed the right of self-determination for the Arabs across the whole of Palestine. The Arab states marched their forces into what had, until the previous day, been the British Mandate for Palestine, starting the first Arab–Israeli War. The Arab states had heavy military equipment at their disposal and were initially on the offensive (the Jewish forces were not a state before 15 May and could not buy heavy arms). On 29 May 1948, the British initiated United Nations Security Council Resolution 50 declaring an arms embargo on the region. Czechoslovakia violated the resolution, supplying the Jewish state with critical military hardware to match the (mainly British) heavy equipment and planes already owned by the invading Arab states.[9] On 11 June a month-long UN truce came into effect.

Following independence the Haganah became the Israel Defense Forces (IDF). The PalmachEtzel and Lehi were required to cease independent operations and join the IDF. During the ceasefire, Etzel attempted to bring in a private arms shipment aboard a ship called “Altalena“. When they refused to hand the arms to the government, Ben-Gurion ordered that the ship be sunk. Several Etzel members were killed in the fighting.

Large numbers of Jewish immigrants—many of them World War II veterans and Holocaust survivors—now began arriving in the new state of Israel, and many joined the IDF.[10]

After an initial loss of territory by the Jewish state and its occupation by the Arab armies, from July the tide gradually turned in the Israelis’ favour and they pushed the Arab armies out and conquered some of the territory that had been included in the proposed Arab state. At the end of November, tenuous local ceasefires were arranged between the Israelis, Syrians, and Lebanese. On 1 December King Abdullah announced the union of Transjordan with Arab Palestine west of the Jordan; only Britain recognized the annexation.

Main article: 1949 Armistice Agreements

1949 Green Line

Israel signed armistices with Egypt (24 February), Lebanon (23 March), Jordan (3 April) and Syria (20 July). No actual peace agreements were signed. With permanent ceasefire coming into effect, Israel’s new borders, later known as the Green Line, were established. These borders were not recognized by the Arab states as international boundaries.[11] Israel was in control of the GalileeJezreel ValleyWest Jerusalem, the coastal plain and the Negev. The Syrians remained in control of a strip of territory along the Sea of Galilee originally allocated to the Jewish state, the Lebanese occupied a tiny area at Rosh Hanikra, and the Egyptians retained the Gaza strip and still had some forces surrounded inside Israeli territory. Jordanian forces remained in the West Bank, where the British had stationed them before the war. Jordan annexed the areas it occupied while Egypt kept Gaza as an occupied zone.

Following the ceasefire declaration, Britain released over 2,000 Jewish detainees it was still holding in Cyprus and recognized the state of Israel. On 11 May 1949, Israel was admitted as a member of the United Nations.[12] Out of an Israeli population of 650,000, some 6,000 men and women were killed in the fighting, including 4,000 soldiers in the IDF (approximately 1% of the population).

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